Objective According to the analysis of the strategies, measures and achievements of the vector control in old communities in Haidian district, to provide experiences and models for large-scale vector control activities in the future. Methods According to the sanitary condition in the old communities, integrative control measures were implemented. Based on the environmental management, proper chemical controls were conducted in different environments, such as space spraying, residual spraying and so on. The effect was evaluated by density estimation. Results The control was conducted in 124 communities. Compared with the same period of the previous year, mosquito density decreased by 95.03% and house fly density decreased by 91.53%. Conclusion A new vector prevention and control was achieved during this activity, which effectively mitigated the impact caused by vectors in such communities. The efficacy meets the national standard. In addition, these achievements attracted the attention, support as well as welcome from the general publics.

Objective To investigate the species, host, distribution and status of tick-borne pathogens in Jinan city. Methods The parasitic ticks were collected from the host skin by hand or tweezers and the free ticks were collected manually with white cloth from the grassland or shrubbery. Collected ticks were classified and tested for tick-borne pathogens. Results There were 614 and 108 ticks collected on 6 hosts and in 2 types of environment, respectively. Collected ticks were Haemaphysalis longicornis. There were 596 ticks collected on goats with proportion of 97.1%. About 53.3% goats carried with ticks and the average number of ticks per goat was about 6.7. The results were positive in RNA detection of new bunyavirus in 3 groups of tick and positive of rickettsia in one group. Positive ticks were collected from goats. Conclusion The dominant tick species was H. longicornis in Shandong province. The dominant host animal was goats raised outside. Some ticks may carry bunyavirus and rickettsia.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of 96-well microplate assay in determination of melanization responses of Musca domestica to different bacterial challenges. Methods The hemolymph from third-instar larvae of M. domestica was stimulated in vitro with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, or the mixture of E. coli and S. aureus. The phendoxidase activity of hemolymph was determined with a 96-well microplate reader, and the relationship between bacterial stimulation and housefly melanization was further analyzed. Results Compared with the initial A490 values of normal control sample, those from the stimulated samples (numbered 1-3) constantly increased along with the increase in bacterial quantity. The fold changes in initial A490 values with stimulation by different bacteria were as follows: 1.33-1.38 times with E. coli, 1.30-2.40 times with S. aureus, 2.60-3.00 times with M. luteus, and 1.40-3.80 times with the mixture of E. coli and S. aureus. Obviously, stimulation with bacteria enhanced the phenoloxidase activity of hemolymph of M. domestica in vitro; meanwhile, the melanization responses of hemolymph got stronger with increase in bacterial quantity. The stimulating effects of single bacteria were as follows: M. luteus＞S. aureus＞E. coli, while the mixture of S. aureus and E. coli showed a better effect than single bacteria. Conclusion The 96-well microplate assay is a reliable method to determine the melanization responses in hemolymph of M. domestica during bacterial challenge.

Objective To determine species composition and distribution patterns and seasonal dynamics of fly populations in Haidian district, providing data for the formulation of scientific prevention and control measures. Methods The cage trap method was employed to monitor densities and population distributions of flies at five monitoring sites at Haidian district. Results The average density of flies was 22.52/cage in Haidian district in 2008, the dominant species being Sarcophagidae. Significant seasonal fluctuations of the fly populations were observed, the highest density, 59.60/cage in late July. Most flies were captured at the monitoring sites in Taizhouwu Dock Trade Market with a density of 59.19/cage. Conclusion Urban areas should be the key areas for prevention and control of flies for the successful proceeding of 2008 Olympic Games.

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the situation of the natural infection of Hantaviruses (HV) in rodents and provide the guidance for the control and prevention of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Haidian district, Beijing. Methods Rodents were captured by night trap, and lung tissue samples were taken out and stored in liquid Nitrogen. HV was detected by indirect immuno?fluorescence assay (IFA). Results There were 225 rodents captured in different habitats of Haidian district,  which belonged to 3 species and 2 Genera. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in the habitats investigated. The total natural infection rates of HV in rodents ranged from 4.60% to 20.00%, and the average was 6.22%. Different species had different natural infection rates. The rate of infection among R.norvegicus and Mus musculus was 6.96% and 6.06% respectively, while Apodemus agrarius was not infected. Conclusion The rodents were infected by HV in Haidian district commonly, and its main host was Rattu Genera.

Objective To establish a method for flea susceptibility bioassay to contact insecticides,and to supply an easy technology for the study of fleas insecticide susceptibility evolution,resistance selection,resistance inheritance,and insecticide exploitation.Methods Applied 100 μl insecticide acetone or ethanol solution on a 35 mm diameter filter paper disk,put it into a 50 ml centrifugal tube lid,about 15 adult fleas were pleased into the tube with 20 holes(diameter 0.5 mm) and than covered and fastened the lid immediately,inversed the tube to let fleas contact the insecticide freely.Treated insects were held in an incubator without light,a temperature of(25±1)℃,and RH(80±5)%.The survivors were recorded after 24 h,LC ₅₀s and 95% fiducial limits were estimated by DPS system.The method was estimated and applied for susceptibility bioassay of Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis, Ctenocephalides felis felis.Results There were no significant difference of susceptibility to deltamethrin among 5,26,30 and 37 d eclosion non-suck blood meal X.cheopis with a sex ratio ♀∶♂=1∶0.2-1∶3.1,the LC ₅₀s were from 0.1236 to 0.2371 μg·ai/cm ².The LC ₅₀s of female and male were 0.2068(0.1007-0.4874) and 0.2234(0.1986-0.2529)μg·ai/cm ² respectively,they were very similar.Comparing to non-blood suck fleas,fleas sucked blood meal with a LC ₅₀ value 0.3283(0.2618-0.4359)μg·ai/cm ² decreased susceptibility significantly.For L.segnis, X.cheopis and C.felis felis,the LC ₅₀s were 0.1236(0.0905-0.1578),0.0071(0.0052-0.0103) and 11.4708(5.8633-43.6013)μg·ai/cm ² respectively,there was a very significant difference among them.Conclusion This contact insecticide effective evaluating method is characterized by easily operating,avoiding the fleas escaping,higher repetitive,but standard testing insect,the same insecticide and standard method should be used.

Objective:To study the species and geographic strains of flies in Ningxia Autonomous Region.Methods:The species of flies investigated from the different area of the region were identified.The distribution of geographic strains was analyzed.Results:There were 210 species in 69 genera in 4 families,which were 150 species in Liupan insect subregion,42 species in Helan mountains and Luoshan mountains insect subregion,39 species in Hungriness and semihungriness.Conclusion:There are certain charachers of geographic strains in the region.